The City of San Antonio (pronounced /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the second-largest city in the American state A U.S. state is any one of 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of commonwealth rather than state. State citizenship is of Texas Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and sixth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the and the seventh-largest city in the United States The following is a list of the most populous incorporated places in the United States. As defined by the United States Census Bureau, an "incorporated place" includes a variety of designations, including a city, town, village, borough, and municipality.[a] Some census-designated places may also be included in the Census Bureau's listing with a population of 2.1 million.^[2] The city is the seat A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county or civil parish, primarily used in the United States. In the Northeast United States, the statutory term often is shire town, but colloquially county seat is the term in use there. Parts of the Canadian Maritimes also use the term shire town. In England, Wales and Ireland, the term of Bexar County Bexar County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of July 1, 2009, The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population at 1,651,448, the 19th most populous county in the nation. Its county seat is San Antonio. In Spanish, "Béxar" is pronounced [ˈbexar]. Located in the American Southwest The Southwestern United States is a region defined in different ways by different sources. Broad definitions include nearly a quarter of the United States, including California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas. Narrowly defined, the "core" Southwest might include only Arizona and New Mexico, with parts of and the northern part of South Texas South Texas is a region of the U.S. state of Texas that lies roughly south of, or beginning at, San Antonio. The southern and western boundary is the Rio Grande River, and to the east it is the Gulf of Mexico. The population of this region is about 3.7 million. The southern portion of this region is often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley. The, San Antonio is the center of Tejano American English, Spanish, American Spanish, Spanglish, Indigenous languages of Mexico, Ladino culture and Texas Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and sixth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the tourism.^{[citation needed]} The city is characteristic of other Southwest urban An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city. It was the fourth-fastest growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006^[3] and the fifth-fastest-growing from 2007 to 2008.^[4] The San Antonio–New Braunfels San Antonio–New Braunfels is an eight-county metropolitan area in the United States defined by the Office of Management and Budget . The metropolitan area is colloquially referred to as "Greater San Antonio" and is situated in South-Central Texas. As of July 1, 2009)[update] the census estimate, the metropolitan area's population metropolitan area has a population of nearly 2.1 million based on the 2009 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 28th-largest The United States Office of Management and Budget has defined 366 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) for the United States of America. The OMB defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area as one or more adjacent counties or county equivalents that have at least one urban core area of at least 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a metropolitan area in the U.S and third in Texas.

The city was named for the Portuguese 1st row: Afonso I • St. Anthony • Álvares Pereira • Vasco da Gama St. Anthony Fernando Martins de Bulhões, venerated as Anthony of Padua or Anthony of Lisbon, is a Portuguese Catholic saint who was born in Lisbon, Portugal where he lived most of his life, to a wealthy family and who died in Padua, Italy, whose feast day The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as that saint's feast day. The system arose from the very early Christian custom of annual commemoration of martyrs on the dates of their deaths, or birth into heaven, and is thus is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions San Antonio Missions National Historical Park preserves four of the five Spanish frontier missions in San Antonio, Texas. These outposts were established by Catholic religious orders to spread Christianity among the local natives. These missions formed part of a colonization system that stretched across the Spanish Southwest in the 17th, 18th, and, the Alamo The Alamo, originally known as Mission San Antonio de Valero, is a former Roman Catholic mission and fortress compound, site of the Battle of the Alamo in 1836, and now a museum, in San Antonio, Texas, the River Walk The San Antonio River Walk is a network of walkways along the banks of the San Antonio River, one story beneath downtown San Antonio, Texas. Lined by bars, shops and restaurants, the River Walk is an important part of the city's urban fabric and a tourist attraction in its own right, the Tower of the Americas Tower of the Americas is a 750-foot observation tower/restaurant in San Antonio, Texas. The tower was designed by San Antonio architect O'Neil Ford and was built as the theme structure of the 1968 World's Fair, HemisFair '68, the Alamo Bowl The Alamo Bowl is a major American college football bowl game played annually since 1993 in the 65,000-seat Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. It matches the second choice team from the Pac-10 Conference and the third choice team from the Big 12 Conference, and host to Seaworld SeaWorld San Antonio is a 250-acre marine mammal park, oceanarium, and animal theme park, located in the Westover Hills area of San Antonio, Texas. It is the largest of the three parks in the SeaWorld chain owned by SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, a division of The Blackstone Group, and the world's largest marine-life theme park. It is a and Six Flags Fiesta Texas Six Flags Fiesta Texas is a seasonally operated theme park located on approximately 200 acres of land near the northwest intersection of Loop 1604 and Interstate 10 in San Antonio, Texas. Six Flags Fiesta Texas is the major entertainment component of USAA's La Cantera, a 1,600-acre (6.5 km²) master-planned development in northwest San Antonio theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs The San Antonio Spurs are an American professional basketball team based in San Antonio, Texas. They are part of the Southwest Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo The San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo in San Antonio, Texas, USA is one of the largest livestock shows and rodeos in the country. Started in 1950, the annual event takes place over two-weeks in February. The rodeo's permanent home was the Joe & Harry Freeman Coliseum until 2003 when its primary events moved into the AT&T Center, one of the largest in the country.

San Antonio has a strong military presence—it is home to Fort Sam Houston Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas. Known colloquially as "Fort Sam," it is named for the first President of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston, Lackland Air Force Base Lackland Air Force Base is a base of the United States Air Force operated by the Air Education and Training Command . It is located just outside the city limits of the western area of San Antonio, Texas, USA. It was named after Brigadier General Frank Lackland. Lackland is part of Joint Base San Antonio and is operated by the 502d Air Base Wing, Randolph Air Force Base Randolph Air Force Base is a base of the United States Air Force located in Universal City, Texas, near San Antonio. Dedicated June 20, 1930, as a flying training base, it continues with that mission today, and Brooks City-Base Brooks City-Base is a former United States Air Force base located in San Antonio, Texas, 7 miles southeast of Downtown San Antonio. The host unit is the 311th Air Base Group, with Camp Bullis Coordinates: 29°41′N 98°34′W / 29.683°N 98.567°W Camp Bullis Military Training Reservation is a 27,990 acres U.S. Army training camp located in northwest San Antonio, Texas, USA. The camp is named for Brigadier General John Lapham Bullis , and Camp Stanley outside the city. Kelly Air Force Base Port San Antonio and (Formerly Kelly Air Force Base) (IATA: SKF, ICAO: KSKF, FAA LID: SKF) is no longer a United States Air Force facility and is located in San Antonio, Texas. In 2001, the runway and land west of the runway became "Kelly Field Annex" and control of it was transferred to the adjacent Lackland Air Force Base operated out of San Antonio until 2001, when the airfield was transferred over to Lackland AFB and the remaining portions of the base became Port San Antonio Port San Antonio is a multi-purpose, 1,900-acre facility in San Antonio, Texas established to serve as an aerospace complex, international airport and industrial hub with two railroads and close access to three interstate highways. Established at the former site of Kelly Air Force Base, the 1,900-acre facility is centrally located between the, an industrial/business park. San Antonio is home to five Fortune 500 companies and to the South Texas Medical Center The STMC, which directly serves 38 counties, consists of forty-five medically related institutions; separate medical, dental and nursing schools, five higher educational institutions, twelve hospitals and five specialty institutions. These facilities combined currently total over 4,200 patient beds, the only medical research and care provider in the South Texas region.

History

Native Americans Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii. They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as intact political communities. The terminology used to originally lived near the San Antonio River The San Antonio River is a major waterway that originates in central Texas in a cluster of springs in north central San Antonio, approximately four miles north of downtown, and follows a roughly southeastern path through the state. It eventually feeds into the Guadalupe River about ten miles from San Antonio Bay on the Gulf of Mexico. The river is Valley, in the San Pedro Springs San Pedro Springs is the name of a cluster of springs in Bexar County, Texas, U.S.A. These springs provide water for San Pedro Creek, which flows into the San Antonio River area, calling the vicinity "Yanaguana," meaning "refreshing waters." In 1691, a group of Spanish explorers and missionaries A missionary is, by definition, “one who attempts to persuade others to a particular program, doctrine, or set of principles; a propagandist.” In a narrower and more popular usage it is one “who is sent on a mission” to do "charitable and religious work in a territory or foreign country." Thomas Hale, through his service as a came upon the river and Native American settlement on June 13, the feast day of Saint Anthony of Padova, Italy and named the place and river "San Antonio" in his honor.^[5]

Early Spanish settlement of San Antonio began with the Martin de Alarcon expedition and the establishment of the San Antonio de Valero Mission (now the Alamo) as a means to reassert Spanish dominance over Texas from the nearby French in Louisiana. The viceroy, at the instigation of Father Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares, made the suppression of illicit trade from Louisiana a primary objective. He also pledged support for the Franciscan missions in Texas. Father Olivares had earlier visited a site on the San Antonio River in 1709, and from that time forward he was determined to found a mission and civilian settlement there. The viceroy gave formal approval for a halfway mission and presidio in late 1716, and assigned responsibility for their establishment to Martin de Alarcón, the governor of Coahuila and Texas. A series of delays, however, occasioned in part by differences between Alarcón and Olivares, postponed definitive action until 1718.^[6] The families clustered around the presidio and mission formed the beginnings of Villa de Béxar, destined to become the most important town in Spanish Texas.^[7] On May 1 on the San Antonio River the governor founded San Antonio de Valero Mission (later famous as the Alamo), and on May 5 established San Antonio de Béxar Presidio. San Antonio de Béxar Presidio, the center of Spanish defense in western Texas, was founded by Martín de Alarcón on May 5, 1718, on the west side of the San Antonio River one-fourth league from the San Antonio de Valero Mission.^[6]

On February 14, 1719, the Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo made a report to the king of Spain proposing that 400 families be transported from the Canary Islands The Canary Islands (pronounced /kəˈnɛəriː ˈaɪləndz/, colloquially also known as the Canaries; Spanish: Islas Canarias, pronounced [ˈislas kaˈnarjas]; 28°06′N 15°24′W / 28.1°N 15.4°W , Galicia, or Havana to populate the province of Texas. His plan was approved, and notice was given the Canary Islanders (isleños Isleño (French: Îlois) is the Spanish word meaning "islander." The Isleños are the descendants of Canary Island immigrants of Louisiana, Cuba, Venezuela and Puerto Rico. The name islander was given to the Canary Islanders to distinguish them from Spanish mainlanders known as "peninsulares." But in these places or Countries,) to furnish 200 families; the Council of the Indies suggested that 400 families should be sent from the Canaries to Texas by way of Havana and Veracruz. By June 1730, twenty-five families had reached Cuba and ten families had been sent on to Veracruz before orders from Spain to stop the movement arrived. Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the group marched overland to the presidio of San Antonio de Bexar, where they arrived on March 9, 1731. The party had increased by marriages on the way to fifteen families, a total of fifty-six persons. They joined a military community that had been in existence since 1718. The immigrants formed the nucleus of the villa of San Fernando de Béxar, the first regularly organized civil government in Texas. Several of the old families of San Antonio trace their descent from the Canary Island colonists. María Rosa Padrón was the first baby born of Canary Islander descent in San Antonio. ^[8]

San Antonio grew to become the largest Spanish settlement in Texas, and for most of its history, the capital of the Spanish, later Mexican, province of Tejas. From San Antonio the Camino Real, today Nacogdoches Road in San Antonio, ran to the American border at the small frontier town of Nacogdoches. When Antonio López de Santa Anna Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón , often known as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna, was a Mexican political leader, general and President who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government. He first fought against the independence from Spain, and then supported it. He rose to the unilaterally rescinded the Mexican constitution of 1824 violence ensued in many provinces of Mexico. In a series of battles the Texian Army The Texian Army was a military organization consisting of volunteer and regular soldiers who fought against the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution succeeded in forcing Mexican soldiers out of the settlement areas east of San Antonio. Under the leadership of Ben Milam Benjamin Rush "Ben" Milam was a leading figure in the Texas Revolution. Milam County, Texas was named in his honor, in the Battle of Bexar, December, 1835, Texian Texians is a name for immigrants from the United States and countries other than Mexico who became residents in the Tejas and Coahuila areas of Mexico, much of which later would be called Texas. Following a war for independence, several unofficial terms were used in the 19th century to denote residents of Texas, including Texasian, Texican, and forces captured San Antonio from forces commanded by General Martin Perfecto de Cos Martín Perfecto de Cos was a 19th-century Mexican general. He was married to Lucinda López de Santa Anna, sister of Antonio López de Santa Anna. General Cos swept across the Texas plains attacking many small towns and defeating Texas commanders like James Fannin during the Texas Revolution, Santa Anna's brother in law. In the spring of 1836 Santa Anna marched on San Antonio. A volunteer force under the command of James C. Neill James Clinton Neill was a 19th century American soldier and politician, most noted for his role in the Texas Revolution and the early defense of the Alamo.He was born in North Carolina occupied and fortified the deserted mission. Upon his departure, the joint command of William Barrett Travis William Barret Travis was a 19th century American lawyer and soldier. At the age of 26, he was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Texian Army, and commanded the Republic of Texas forces. He died at the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution from the Republic of Mexico and James Bowie James "Jim" Bowie , a 19th-century American pioneer and soldier, played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution, culminating in his death at the Battle of the Alamo. Countless stories of him as a fighter and frontiersman, both real and fictitious, have made him a legendary figure in Texas history and a folk hero of American culture were left in charge of defending the old mission. The Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas). All but two of the Texian defenders were killed. Santa Anna's perceived cruelty took place from February 23 to March 6, 1836. The outnumbered Texian force was ultimately defeated, with all of the Alamo defenders killed. These men were seen as "martyrs" for the cause of Texas freedom and "Remember the Alamo" became a rallying cry in the Texian Army's eventual success at defeating Santa Anna's army.^[9]

Juan Seguín As a teenager in Mexico, he had a strong interest in politics. He was very critical of his contemporary Mexican leader, Antonio López de Santa Anna, and gladly joined the Texas Revolution to rid Texas of Santa Anna's rule. He led a band of twenty-five Tejanos who favored a revolt and fought on the Texan side at the Battle of the Alamo. Because, who organized the company of Hispanic patriots, that fought and died for Texas independence at the Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas). All but two of the Texian defenders were killed. Santa Anna's perceived cruelty, fought at the Battle of Concepcion, Siege of Bexar Santa Anna had sent his brother-in-law, General Martin Perfecto de Cos, to Béxar with reinforcements. On October 13, Austin led his forces towards Béxar to confront the Mexican troops. The Texians initiated a siege of the city, and the Battle of San Jacinto, and served as mayor of San Antonio. He was forced out of that office, due to threats on his life, by newcomers and political opponents in 1842, becoming the last Hispanic mayor for nearly 150 years.^[10]

In 1845, the United States annexed Texas and included it as a state in the Union. This, after some incitement by United States troops along the Mexican border, led to the Mexican-American War. Though the U.S. ultimately won, the war was devastating to San Antonio, and, at its end, the population of the city had been reduced by almost two thirds, to only 800 inhabitants.^[11] By 1860, at the start of the Civil War, San Antonio had grown to a city of 15,000 people.

Following the Civil War, San Antonio prospered as a center of the cattle industry. During this period, San Antonio remained a frontier city, but its mixture of cultures also gave it a reputation as being beautiful and exotic. Frederick Law Olmstead, the architect who designed Central Park in New York City, once described San Antonio as having a, "jumble of races, costumes, languages, and buildings," which gave it a quality which only New Orleans could rival in, "odd and antiquated foreignness."^[12]

In 1877, the first railroad reached San Antonio and the city was no longer on the frontier but began to enter the mainstream of American society. At the beginning of the 20th century, the streets of downtown were widened to accommodate street cars and modern traffic, destroying many historic buildings in the process.^[13]

Like many municipalities in the American Southwest, San Antonio experiences steady population growth. The city's population has nearly doubled in 35 years, from just over 650,000 in the 1970 census to an estimated 1.2 million in 2005 through both steady population growth and land annexation (considerably enlarging the physical area of the city).^{[citation needed]}

Geography

San Antonio is located near 29.5°N 98.5°W. According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2000 the city had a total area of 412.07 square miles (1,067.3 km²) — 407.56 square miles (1,055.6 km²) (98.9%) of land and 4.51 square miles (11.7 km²) (1.1%) of water. The city sits on the Balcones Escarpment.The altitude of San Antonio is 772 feet (235 m) above sea level.

The primary source of drinking water for the city is the Edwards Aquifer. Impounded in 1962 and 1969, respectively, Victor Braunig Lake and Calaveras Lake were among the first reservoirs in the country built to use recycled treated wastewater for power plant cooling, reducing the amount of groundwater needed for electrical generation.

Neighborhoods

Climate

San Antonio falls near the western edge of the humid subtropical climate zone. Its weather is alternately dry or humid depending on prevailing winds, turning hot in the summer, warm to cool winters subject to descending northern cold fronts in the winter with cool to cold nights, and comfortably warm and rainy in the spring and fall. San Antonio receives about a dozen sub-freezing nights each year, occasionally (about once every couple of winters) seeing some sort of wintry precipitation (i.e. sleet/freezing rain), but accumulation and snow itself is not very common. Many winters may pass without any freezing precipitation at all. According to the National Weather Service, there have been 31 instances of snowfall (a trace or more) in the city in the past 122 years, for an average of about once every 4 years. However a decade or more may pass between snowfalls. NOAA at San Antonio In San Antonio, July and August tie for the average warmest months with an average high of 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 °C). The highest temperature ever to be recorded was 111 °F (44 °C) on September 5, 2000.^[14] The average coolest month is January. The lowest recorded temperature ever was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1949. May, June, and October have quite a bit of precipitation. For the last 135 years, the average annual precipitation has been 29.05 inches (738 mm), with a maximum of 52.28 inches (1,328 mm) and a minimum of 10.11 inches (256.8 mm) in one year.^[15]

Culture

Demographics

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 1,144,646,^[21] ranking it the ninth-most populated city in the country. Due to San Antonio's low density rate and lack of significant population surrounding the city limits, the metropolitan area ranked just 30th in the U.S. with a population of 1,592,383.^[22]

Subsequent population estimates indicate continued growth in the area. The July 1, 2008, population estimate for the city was 1,351,305,^[23] making it the second-most populous city and the third-most populous metro area in Texas, as well as the seventh-most populous city in the U.S. The 2008 U.S. Census estimate for the eight-county San Antonio–New Braunfels-Seguin metropolitan area placed its population at 2,071,445,^[24] making it the third-most populous metro area in Texas and the 28th-most populous metro area in the U.S. The metropolitan area is bordered to the northeast by Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos, and the two metropolitan areas together combine to form a region of almost 3.7 million people.

There are 405,474 households, and 280,993 families residing in San Antonio. The population density is 2,808.5 people per square mile (1,084.4 km²). There are 433,122 housing units at an average density of 1,062.7 per square mile (410.3 km²).

The age of the city's population is spread out with 28.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. In San Antonio, 48% of the population are males, and 52% of the population are females. For every 100 females there are 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 89.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $36,214, and the median income for a family is $53,100. Males have a median income of $30,061 versus $24,444 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,487. 17.3% of the population and 14.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 24.3% of those under the age of 18 and 13.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, the racial composition of San Antonio was as follows:

• White: 68.9% (Non-Hispanic Whites: 28.9% )
• Black or African American: 6.6%
• American Indian: 0.6%
• Asian: 2.0%
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.1%
• Some other race: 19.4%
• Two or more races: 2.4%

• Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 61.2%

Source:^[25]

Economy

San Antonio has a diversified economy with four primary focuses: financial services, government, health care, and tourism. Located northwest of the city center is the South Texas Medical Center, which is a conglomerate of various hospitals, clinics, and research (see Southwest Research Institute) and higher educational institutions.

The city is also home to one of the largest military concentrations in the United States. The defense industry in San Antonio employs over 89,000 and provides a $5.25 billion impact to the city's economy.^[26]

Twenty million tourists visit the city and its attractions every year, contributing substantially to the city's economy.^[27] The Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center alone hosts more than 300 events each year with over 750,000 convention delegates from around the world. Tourism employs 94,000 citizens and makes an economic impact of over $10.7 billion in the local economy as revealed in the Economic Impact Study conducted every two years by the San Antonio Tourism Council and the research team of Dr. Richard Butler and Dr. Mary Stefl of Trinity University. Tourism also brings new annual revenues to the City of San Antonio and other governmental entities with the hotel & motel tax, sales taxes and other revenues from hospitality agreements and contracts. This number exceeded over $160 million in the 2004 study.

Of the 140 Fortune Global 500 companies headquartered in the US, San Antonio is home to two: Valero Energy Corp #33, and Tesoro Petroleum Corp #317.

San Antonio is home to five Fortune 500 companies: Valero Energy Corp, Tesoro, USAA, Clear Channel Communications and NuStar Energy.^[28] H-E-B, the 19th largest private company in the United States^[29] is also headquartered in San Antonio. Other companies headquartered in San Antonio are: Kinetic Concepts, Frost National Bank, Harte-Hanks, Bill Miller Bar-B-Q Enterprises, Taco Cabana, Whataburger, Builders Square, and Rackspace.

Other large companies that operate regional headquarters in the city include: Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, Lack's, Kohl's, Allstate, Chase Bank, Philips, Wachovia, Toyota, Medtronic, Sysco, Caterpillar Inc., AT&T, West Corporation, Citigroup, Boeing, QVC, and Lockheed Martin.

In between the beginning of 1997 and March 11, 1998, San Antonio lost several major company headquarters. In 1997 Titan Holdings and USLD Communications had sold their operations to larger companies. After a Los Angeles buyout specialist purchased Builders Square, the company's operations were moved out of San Antonio.^[30]

Attractions

San Antonio is a popular tourist destination. The jewel of the city is the River Walk, which meanders through the downtown area. Lined with numerous shops, bars, and restaurants, as well as the Arneson River Theater, this attraction is transformed into an impressive festival of lights during the Christmas and New Year holiday period, and is suffused with the local sounds of folklorico and flamenco music during the summer, particularly during celebrations such as the Fiesta Noche del Rio. Also based along the River Walk is the newly restored Aztec On The River, the only surviving exotic-themed movie palace in Texas.

The Alamo, located nearby, is Texas' top tourist attraction, while the River Walk is the second most visited attraction. SeaWorld, located 16 miles west of downtown, is the number 3 attraction. Also, there is the very popular Six Flags Fiesta Texas.

The downtown area also features Cathedral of San Fernando, The Majestic Theatre, HemisFair Park (home of the Tower of the Americas and the Institute of Texan Cultures), La Villita, El Mercado, the Spanish Governor's Palace, and the historic Menger Hotel. On the northern side of the Alamo complex, beside the Emily Morgan Hotel, is the San Antonio Cavalry Museum, which features cavalry artifacts and exhibits and is frequented by local re-enactors.

The Fairmount Hotel, built in 1906 and San Antonio's second oldest hotel, is in the Guinness World Records as one of the heaviest buildings ever moved intact. It was placed in its new location, three blocks south of the Alamo, over four days in 1985, and cost $650,000 to move.

San Antonio is home to the first museum of modern art in Texas, the McNay Art Museum. Other places of interest include The Woodlawn Theatre, the San Antonio Zoo, the Japanese Tea Gardens, Kumamoto, Brackenridge Park, the missions of the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, the Museo Alameda, the San Antonio Museum of Art, the Witte Museum, the Texas Rangers Museum, the Buckhorm Museum, ArtPace, Blue Star Contemporary Art Center, SeaWorld San Antonio, Six Flags Fiesta Texas, the Texas Transportation Museum, and Splashtown San Antonio. Visitors can also experience something of the cowboy culture year round, they can see the 40-foot (12 m) tall cowboy boots at North Star Mall.

Beyond taking in the sights and sounds of San Antonio, tourists can sample some of its world famous Tex-Mex cuisine at the many fine restaurants located throughout the city. Mexican restaurants are abundant in virtually all parts of town, and most — except for those in the Far North and some of the Uptown enclaves like Alamo Heights — are relatively inexpensive. Some outstanding examples of Tex-Mex eateries include Jacala, on West Avenue on the near Northwest side, La Hacienda de Los Barrios, on the North East side, Tommy's on Nogalitos at I-35 near downtown, and Los Barrios, on the near North side of town.

Sports

The city's only top-level professional sports team, and consequently the team most San Antonians follow, is the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association. Previously, the Spurs played at the Alamodome, which was built for football, and before that the HemisFair Arena, but the Spurs built – with public money – and moved into the SBC Center in 2002, since renamed the AT&T Center.

The AT&T Center is also home to the San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League and the San Antonio Silver Stars of the WNBA, both owned by the Spurs Organization. San Antonio is home to the Double-A Minor League affiliate of the San Diego Padres, the San Antonio Missions who play at Nelson Wolff Stadium on the west side of the city. (San Antonio is the largest city in the country with neither a Major League nor AAA baseball team.) San Antonio hosts the NCAA football Alamo Bowl each December. San Antonio has two rugby union teams, the Alamo City Rugby Football Club, and San Antonio Rugby Football Club.

The University of Texas at San Antonio fields San Antonio's only NCAA Division I athletic teams known as the UTSA Roadrunners. The University recently added football, hiring former University of Miami coach Larry Coker as its initial head coach. Roadrunner football will begin play in 2011.

The city is also home of the U.S. Army All-American Bowl,^[31] played annually in the Alamodome and televised live on NBC. The Bowl is an East versus West showdown featuring the nation's top 90 high school senior football players. The game has featured NFL stars Reggie Bush, Vince Young, Adrian Peterson, and many other college and NFL stars.

City officials are said to be attempting to lure the National Football League permanently to San Antonio and have also said that a strong showing at the Alamodome for the three local Saints games was vital to showing that San Antonio can support an NFL franchise. NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue stated San Antonio was successful in hosting the team, and that the city would be on the short list for any future NFL expansions. The city has also hosted the Dallas Cowboys and Houston Oilers preseason camps in the past, and they have signed a contract with the Cowboys in which the Cowboys will practice in San Antonio through 2011.^[32] Cowboys owner Jerry Jones has acknowledged his support for the city's efforts to become home to an NFL franchise.^[33] Although it is the second largest city in the United States without an NFL team (after Los Angeles), San Antonio's smaller metropolitan population has so far contributed to its lack of landing an NFL, MLB, or NHL team.

San Antonio will be getting a National Premier Soccer League expansion team in 2010.^[34]

Government

The City of San Antonio runs under a Council-Manager form of government. The city is divided into 10 council districts designed to ensure equal population distribution between all districts. Each district elects one person to sit on the City Council with the mayor elected on a city-wide basis. All members of the City Council, which includes the mayor, are elected to two-year terms and are limited to four terms in total (except for those who were in office in November, 2008 and are limited to a total of two terms). All positions are elected on non-partisan ballots as required by Texas law. Council members are paid $20 a meeting, while the Mayor earns $4,000 a year. Most council members maintain full-time employment in addition to their positions on the council.^[35] The current mayor is Julian Castro.

The council hires the City Manager to handle day to day operations. The council effectively functions as the city's legislative body with the City Manager acting as its Chief Executive, responsible for the management of day to day operations and execution of council legislation. The current City Manager is Sheryl Sculley.

The city operates its own electric and gas utility service, CPS Energy.

The city stretches into several national congressional districts and is represented in Congress by the following:^[36]

• Senate
  • Kay Bailey Hutchison (R)
  • John Cornyn (R)
• House of Representatives
  • Texas District 20 - Charlie Gonzalez (D)
  • Texas District 21 - Lamar Smith (R)
  • Texas District 23 - Ciro Rodriguez (D)
  • Texas District 28 - Henry Cuellar (D)
• State Governor
  • Rick Perry (R)

Growth policy

Unlike most large cities in the U.S., San Antonio is not completely surrounded by independent suburban cities, and under Texas law it exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) over much of the surrounding unincorporated land, including directing growth and zoning.^[37] It pursues an aggressive annexation policy and opposes the creation of other municipalities within its ETJ.^[38] Nearly three-fourths of its current land area has been annexed since 1960.^[39] In the 2000s the city has annexed several long narrow corridors along major thoroughfares in outlying areas to facilitate eventual annexation of growth developing along the routes. The city planned to annex nearly forty additional square miles by 2009.^[40]

Involuntary annexation is a controversial issue in those parts of unincorporated Bexar County affected by it. Residents, attracted to the outlying areas by lower taxes and affordable real estate values, often see annexation as a mechanism to increase property tax rates (primarily driven by school district taxes) without a corresponding improvement in services such as police and fire protection, while the city regards its annexation policy as essential to its overall prosperity.^[41]

State and federal representation

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Parole Division Region IV headquarters in the San Antonio Metro Parole Complex. San Antonio district parole offices I and III are in the parole complex, while office II is in another location.^[42]

The Texas Department of Transportation operates the San Antonio District Office in San Antonio.^[43]

The United States Postal Service operates the San Antonio Main Post Office.^[44] Other post offices are located throughout San Antonio.

Education

San Antonio hosts over 100,000 students across its 31 higher-education facilities which include The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, the University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas A&M University–San Antonio, and the Alamo Community College District. Some of the private schools include St. Mary's University, Our Lady of the Lake University, University of the Incarnate Word, Trinity University, and Wayland Baptist University. The San Antonio Public Library serves all of these institutions along with the 17 school districts within San Antonio.

The city is also home to more than 30 private schools and charter schools. These schools include: Central Catholic Marianist High School, Incarnate Word High School, Saint Mary's Hall, The Atonement Academy, Antonian College Preparatory High School, San Antonio Academy, Holy Cross High School, Providence High School, The Carver Academy, Keystone School, TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas, and St. Anthony Catholic High School, Jubilee High school, and Jubilee Academy.

Transportation

Air

The San Antonio International Airport is located in north central San Antonio, approximately eight miles from downtown. It has two terminals and is served by 21 airlines serving 43 destinations including three in Mexico. Stinson Municipal Airport is a reliever airport located six miles south of downtown San Antonio’s central business district. The airport has two runways and it is also home to the Texas Air Museum.

Mass Transit

A bus and streetcar system is provided by the city's metropolitan transit authority, VIA Metropolitan Transit. VIA's full fare monthly unlimited Big Pass is only $30 per month making VIA the most economically priced large transit authority in the nation. VIA offers 84 regular bus routes and three downtown streetcar routes. This includes express service from downtown to park and ride locations in the South, West, Northwest, North Central and Northeast areas of the city with service to UTSA, Six Flags Fiesta Texas and SeaWorld. VIA also offers a special service to city events including Spurs games and city parades from its park and ride locations. VIA has among its many routes, one of the longest local transit routes in the nation. Routes 550 (Clockwise) and 551 (Counterclockwise) travels 48 miles one way as it loops around the city.^[45] San Antonio became the largest city in the U.S. to not have a intra-city rail system when Phoenix, the former city that had this title, got such a system in 2008. VIA is currently in the process of creating a Bus Rapid Transit line known as VIA Primo ^[46]

Rail

Amtrak, the national passenger rail service, provides service to San Antonio at San Antonio Amtrak Station, operating its Texas Eagle daily between San Antonio and Chicago's Union Station.^[47] Amtrak also operates its Sunset Limited three times a week in each direction through San Antonio between Los Angeles and Orlando, Florida (currently truncated to New Orleans due to the effects of Hurricane Katrina).^[48] The Texas Eagle section travels between San Antonio and Los Angeles as part of the Sunset Limited. The old Sunset Station is now an entertainment venue owned by VIA and neighbored by the current station and the Alamodome.^[49]

Road

San Antonio is served by these major freeways:

• Interstate 10 – McDermott Freeway (Northwest) runs west toward El Paso, Phoenix and Los Angeles. Jose Lopez Freeway (East) runs east toward Seguin, Houston, New Orleans and Jacksonville
• Interstate 35 – Pan Am Expressway (Northeast/Southwest) - runs south toward Laredo and runs north toward Austin, Dallas–Fort Worth, Oklahoma City, Kansas City and Minneapolis
• Interstate 37 - Lucian Adams Freeway (Southeast) - runs from San Antonio through its junction with U.S. Highway 281 south (Edinburg and McAllen) near Three Rivers and into Corpus Christi through its junction with U.S. Highway 77 south (Kingsville, Harlingen and Brownsville) to its southern terminus at Corpus Christi Bay.
• Interstate 410 - Connally Loop - simply called Loop 410 (four-ten) by locals is a 53-mile inner beltway around the city.
• U.S. Highway 90 - Cleto Rodriguez Freeway (West) through Uvalde and Del Rio to its western terminus at I-10 in Van Horn. Prior to I-10 East and US 90 West expressway being built US 90 traveled through the west side via West Commerce St. (westbound) and Buena Vista St. (eastbound) and Old Hwy 90. On the east side it traveled along East Commerce St. to its current alignment which runs concurrent with I-10 East to Seguin.
• U.S. Highway 281 - McAllister Freeway (North) to Johnson City and Wichita Falls. Southbound, it runs concurrent with I-37, then I-410 for 4 miles (6 km), then heads south to Pleasanton. Prior to I-37 and McAllister Fwy. being built US 281 traveled through the north side via San Pedro Ave. and the south side via Roosevelt Ave.
• State Highway 151 - Stotzer Freeway runs from US Hwy 90 West through Westover Hills which includes SeaWorld to its western terminus at State Loop 1604.
• State Loop 1604 – Charles W. Anderson Loop—simply called 1604 (sixteen-oh-four) by locals—is a 96-mile outer beltway around San Antonio

Other highways include:

• U.S. Highway 87 - Southbound to Victoria along Roland Avenue then Rigsby Avenue. It runs concurrent with I-10 for 52 miles (84 km) where it goes to San Angelo northbound.
• U.S. Highway 181 - Starts 0.5 miles (0.8 km) south of I-410/I-37/US 281 interchange and heads toward Corpus Christi via Beeville. Prior to I-37 being built US 181 traveled along Presa St. from downtown to its current alignment.
• State Highway 16 - From Freer, it runs concurrent with I-410 for 17 miles (27 km) along southwest San Antonio, over to Bandera Road to Bandera.
• State Loop 345 - Fredericksburg Road is the business loop for I-10 West/US-87 North.^[50]
• State Loop 368 - Broadway and Austin Highway is the business loop for I-35 North.^[51]
• State Loop 353 - Nogalitos Street and New Laredo Highway is the business loop for I-35 South.^[52]
• State Loop 13 - Is the city's inner loop on the south side serving Lackland AFB, Port San Antonio, South Park Mall and Brooks CityBase traveling along Military Dr. on the south side and WW White Rd. on the east side to its junction with I-35/I-410. The northern arc of the loop is now I-410.

Notable natives and residents

Media and entertainment

Print

San Antonio has one major newspaper, the San Antonio Express-News, which has served the area since 1865. Robert Rivard, who currently serves as the paper's executive vice president and editor,^[53] was named Managing Editor in 1994 and then Editor in 1997. The Express-News currently circulates as the largest newspaper service in South Texas. The Hearst Corporation, which owned a second newspaper, the San Antonio Light, purchased the Express-News from News Corp. in 1992 and shut down the Light after failing to find a buyer. Hearst, using the Express-News brand, also produces Conexion, a weekly magazine written by an entirely Hispanic staff with a Hispanic spin on weekly events. The San Antonio Current is the free "alternative" paper published weekly with local political issues, art and music news, restaurant listings and reviews, and listings of events and nightlife around town. In addition, the San Antonio Business Journal covers general business news. La Prensa, a bilingual publication, also has a long history in San Antonio. The San Antonio River Walk Current covers general San Antonio news.

Television

While the city is one of the ten largest in the United States, its television market is only the 37th in the United States, according to the marketing research firm ACNielsen.^[54] This is primarily due to the relatively low population-density of the outlying areas and the close proximity of Austin, which truncates the potential market area. San Antonio based TV stations are WOAI channel 4 (NBC), KSAT channel 12 (ABC), KENS channel 5 (CBS), KABB channel 29 (Fox), KCWX channel 2 (CW), KMYS channel 35(MyNetworkTV) and KLRN channel 9 (PBS). The market is also home to 6 Spanish language stations, 3 religious stations, and 3 independent stations. The San Antonio market has 65% cable TV penetration.

Radio

See also: Broadcast media in San Antonio

FM: 28 AM: 20

About 50 radio stations can be heard in the San Antonio area — 30 of them are actually located in San Antonio. The first radio station to broadcast in South Texas was KTSA AM-550 in 1922. Some of KTSA AM-550's better known local talk show hosts include Jack Riccardi, Trey Ware and Ricci Ware. Another significant station is WOAI AM-1200 (the flagship of Clear Channel Worldwide), which is the radio home of the San Antonio Spurs and features Rush Limbaugh.

There are three National Public Radio stations in San Antonio, which belong to Texas Public Radio (www.TPR.org); KSTX 89.1 FM is NPR news/talk, KPAC 88.3 is a 24-hour classical music station, and KTXI 90.1 is a mix of NPR news/talk and classical music broadcast for the West Central Texas Hill County. KSTX also broadcasts "Riverwalk Jazz", featuring Jim Cullum Jazz Band at The Landing, a fixture on the River Walk since 1963. KRTU 91.7 is a non-commercial radio station based out of Trinity University. Unlike other college radio stations throughout the U.S. the station plays jazz 17 hours a day and college rock/indie rock at night. College Alternative station KSYM, 90.1 FM, is owned by the Alamo Community College District and operated by San Antonio College students and like KRTU it plays the Third Coast music network during the day and alternative music at night.

Most Latin stations in the area play Regional Mexican, Tejano or Contemporary Pop. But on January 12, 2006, Univision-owned KCOR-FM "La Kalle 95.1" changed its format from Hispanic-Rhythmic Contemporary Hits to Spanish Oldies, then named "Recuerdo 95.1". However, Univision announced on November 10, 2006, that it flipped KLTO Tejano 97.7's format to Reggaeton in an attempt to reintroduce the format to San Antonio again. Then, 97.7 was flipped again to feature an rock format. The station no longer broadcasts anything in English and while still owned by Univision, it now broadcasts music from artists such as Linkin Park. On the other hand, 95.1 was then flipped back to the "La Kalle" format again after being flipped more than a year ago to feature an "95X" format. KLTO was acquired earlier in the year and operated as a simulcast of KXTN Tejano 107.5. San Antonio has quickly diversified in recent years, with the influx of non-Tejano Latinos, mostly from the East Coast, who are serving in the city's various military bases, as well as immigrants from Mexico. Therefore, just like in the rest of the country, radio station conglomerates have been changing formats in San Antonio to reflect shifting demographics.

Sister cities

• Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
• Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
• Guadalajara, Mexico
• Madras (Chennai), India^[55]
• Kaohsiung, Taiwan
• Kumamoto, Japan
• Kwangju, South Korea
• Monterrey, Mexico
• Western Galilee, Israel^[56]

Alliance Cities

• Dresden, Saxony, Germany

See also

• Fiesta San Antonio
• List of Registered Historic Places in Bexar County, Texas

References

1. ^ "GOVERNMENT Links on the San Antonio Community Portal". Sanantonio.gov. http://www.sanantonio.gov/mayor/indexcastro.asp. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
2. ^ http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2008-01.csv
3. ^ "The fastest growing U.S. cities - June 28, 2007". CNN. June 28, 2007. http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
4. ^ Ayala, Elaine (July 1, 2009). "S. A. Again Census Standout". San Antonio Express News. pp. B1. http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local_news/SA_again_census_standout.html. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
5. ^ "San Antonio: The City of St. Anthony - June 2004 Issue of St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online". Americancatholic.org. http://www.americancatholic.org/Messenger/Jun2004/Feature2.asp#F1. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
6. ^ ^{a b} [1] Spanish Texas, Texas State Historical Society: The Handbook of Texas Online
7. ^ [2] Martin de Alarcon, Texas State Historical Society: The Handbook of Texas Online
8. ^ [3] The Canary Islanders, Texas State Historical Society: The Handbook of Texas Online
9. ^ John H. Jenkins, ed., Papers of the Texas Revolution (10 vols.; Austin: Presidial Press, 973),13
10. ^ Gonzalez, Juan. Harvest of Empire. Penguin, 2000.
11. ^ Fisher, Lewis F. (1996). Saving San Antonio: the precarious preservation of a heritage. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press.
12. ^ A Journey Through Texas by Frederick Olmstead ISBN 1144803802
13. ^ Saving San Antonio by Lewis F. Fisher ISBN 0896723720
14. ^ "Very hot early september 2000 weather". National Weather Service. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ewx/html/wxevent/2000_2001/sep2wx.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
15. ^ Monthly/Annual/Average Precipitation San Antonio, Texas (1871 - December 2006), National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.
16. ^ "NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/tx/417945.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
17. ^ "Average Weather for San Antonio, TX - Temperature and Precipitation". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USTX1200. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
18. ^ "Climatological Normals of San Antonio". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/n_america/us/san_antonio_e.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
19. ^ "Population Estimates for All Places: 2000 to 2008". http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2008-01.csv. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
20. ^ "1990 Population and Housing Unit Counts: United States (CPH-2)". http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-1-1.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
21. ^ Census 2000: Incorporated Places of 100,000 or More, Ranked by Population, U.S. Census Bureau.
22. ^ Census 2000: Metropolitan Areas Ranked by Population, U.S. Census Bureau.
23. ^ [4], U.S. Census Bureau.
24. ^ [5], U.S. Census Bureau.
25. ^ American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. "San Antonio city, Texas - ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006-2008". Factfinder.census.gov. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US4865000&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
26. ^ "Welcome to the City of San Antonio Economic Development Department-Index". Sanantonio.gov. http://www.sanantonio.gov/edd/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
27. ^ San Antonio Tourism, San Antonio Riverwalk.com. Retrieved January 7, 2007.
28. ^ CNN. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2009/states/TX.html. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
29. ^ "America's Largest Private Companies". Forbes.com. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/21/private-companies-09_Americas-Largest-Private-Companies_Rank.html. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
30. ^ Nowlin, Sanford. "Aquila bids for sale or merger." San Antonio Express-News. March 11, 1998. Business 1E. Published in: Polishuk, Paul. Utilities Telecommunications News. Information Gatekeepers Inc. 8-9. Retrieved from Google Books on July 21, 2010. ISSN 1079-2937.
31. ^ "Welcome to the 2009 U.S. Army All American Bowl". Usarmyallamericanbowl.com. http://www.usarmyallamericanbowl.com/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
32. ^ Football: Cowboys returning to S.A. in '07, San Antonio Express-News, April 1, 2006.
33. ^ Football: Cowboys' Jones backs S.A. team, San Antonio Express-News, May 5, 2006.
34. ^ "New Expansion Teams". Npsl.myeliteclub.com. http://npsl.myeliteclub.com/LoadPage.aspx?iPage=24-48. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
35. ^ "City of San Antonio | Official Web Site - City Council". Sanantonio.gov. http://www.sanantonio.gov/council/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
36. ^ http://www.sanantonio.gov/planning/pdf/GIS/map_download/0702GG24.pdf
37. ^ Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Boundary (PDF), City of San Antonio Planning Department. July 28, 2006.
38. ^ San Antonio Master Plan, Public Studio (San Antonio Chapter American Institute of Architects). Retrieved January 7, 2007.
39. ^ San Antonio Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities (PowerPoint), City of San Antonio Planning Department. Retrieved January 7, 2007.
40. ^ Three-year annexation plan (PDF), City of San Antonio Planning Department, January 6, 2006.
41. ^ MySA.com: Public Safety
42. ^ "Parole Division Region IV." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on May 21, 2010.
43. ^ "San Antonio District Office." Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved on January 11, 2010.
44. ^ "Post Office™ Location - SAN ANTONIO." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 22, 2010.
45. ^ "VIA Metropolitan Transit". http://www.viainfo.net/.
46. ^ VIA Primo www.viabrt.net
47. ^ "Amtrak's Texas Eagle | Welcome aboard!". Texaseagle.com. http://www.texaseagle.com/home.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
48. ^ "Routes - California". Amtrak. http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/am2Route/Horizontal_Route_Page&c=am2Route&cid=1081442673803&ssid=132. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
49. ^ "Sunset Station San Antonio near the Convention Center, Alamo and River Walk Hotels". Sunset-station.com. http://www.sunset-station.com/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
50. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. "Highway Designation File - State Highway Loop No. 345". http://www.dot.state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/SL/SL0345.htm.
51. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. "Highway Designation File - State Highway Loop No. 368". http://www.dot.state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/SL/SL0368.htm.
52. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. "Highway Designation File - State Highway Loop No. 353". http://www.dot.state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/SL/SL0353.htm.
53. ^ MySA.com: Express-News About Us
54. ^ Designated Market Areas, Nielson Media Research.
55. ^ ""Mayor announces Chennai, India Sister City Agreement"". Sanantonio.gov. 2008-02-28. http://www.sanantonio.gov/news/NewsMayorCouncil/nrChennaiSisterCity.asp?res=1280&ver=true. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
56. ^ "About Us". Jewishagency.org. http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Israel/Partnerships/Regions/WesternGalilee/About. Retrieved 2010-06-30.

External links

• City of San Antonio
• San Antonio Convention & Visitors Bureau
• San Antonio travel guide from Wikitravel
• San Antonio Neighborhood information
• San Antonio International Airport
• San Antonio area parks
• South and West Texas, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
• San Antonio Missions: Spanish Influence in Texas, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
• San Antonio from the Handbook of Texas Online
• Census quickfacts
• San Antonio City Data
• San Antonio Housing Statistics
• Port San Antonio
• Downtown San Antonio
• Greater San Antonio Chamber of Commerce

Coordinates: 29°25′N 98°30′W / 29.417°N 98.5°W

Categories: San Antonio, Texas | Populated places established in 1718 | Bexar County, Texas | Comal County, Texas | San Antonio metropolitan area | Cities in Texas | County seats in Texas | United States colonial and territorial capitals | Texas communities with Hispanic majority populations

See Also:

• San Antonio Spurs: Encyclopedia
• San Antonio, Texas: Encyclopedia
• Greater San Antonio: Encyclopedia
• Downtown San Antonio: Encyclopedia
• San Antonio Silver Stars: Encyclopedia

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